Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
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Answer
Recycle (waste) gases to minimize raw material cost.
Use a catalyst to increase the reaction rate, thus reducing energy costs.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
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Answer
Fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
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Ethane-1,2-diol has two hydroxyl (-OH) groups, allowing for stronger hydrogen bonding compared to propan-1-ol, which has only one hydroxyl group. The increased hydrogen bonding in ethane-1,2-diol leads to higher viscosity due to the greater resistance to flow.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
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Possible structural formula:
OH
|
H2C - CH - CH2
|
OH
Step 5
Describe the procedure which should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
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Answer
Use a pipette to measure exactly 20 cm³ of ethanol into a volumetric flask.
Add distilled water to the volumetric flask until the total volume reaches 100 cm³.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
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Answer
For a 3 kg animal, the total dose is 3 kg × 5 cm³ = 15 cm³. For a 5 kg animal, the total dose is 5 kg × 5 cm³ = 25 cm³. Thus, the total volume needed will be between 15 cm³ and 25 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
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Possible structural formula:
O
||
H2C - C - OH
|
OH
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
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Answer
The formula for sodium glycolate is NaC2H3O3.
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