Fusel oil is formed as a by-product during the production of bioethanol for fuel - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 5 - 2022
Question 5
Fusel oil is formed as a by-product during the production of bioethanol for fuel. It is a mixture of several alcohols.
(a) The shortened structural formula of one o... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Fusel oil is formed as a by-product during the production of bioethanol for fuel - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 5 - 2022
Step 1
State the name of this alcohol.
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Answer
The name of the alcohol with the structural formula CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH is 3-methylbutan-1-ol.
Step 2
Complete the ion-electron equation for the oxidation reaction.
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Answer
The ion-electron equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol (C₃H₇OH) to propanal (C₃H₆O) can be written as:
C3H7OH→C3H6O+2e−
Step 3
Suggest why the potassium dichromate must be acidified.
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Potassium dichromate must be acidified to provide hydrogen ions (H⁺), which are necessary for the reduction of Cr₂O₇²⁻ to Cr³⁺ during the oxidation of propan-1-ol.
Step 4
State the colour change that would be observed when propan-1-ol reacts with acidified potassium dichromate.
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The colour change observed when propan-1-ol reacts with acidified potassium dichromate is from orange to green.
Step 5
Name the reagent that provides this oxidising agent.
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The reagent that provides the oxidising agent in the reduction of Ag⁺ is Tollens' reagent.
Step 6
State why 2-methylbutan-2-ol cannot be oxidised using these oxidising agents.
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2-methylbutan-2-ol cannot be oxidised using these oxidising agents because it is a tertiary alcohol, which does not readily undergo oxidation under typical conditions.
Step 7
Complete the table to show the oxygen to hydrogen ratios in butan-1-ol and butanal.
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The oxygen to hydrogen ratios are as follows:
Substance
Oxygen to Hydrogen Ratio
Butan-1-ol
1:10
Butanal
1:8
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