Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Question 6
Skin creams contain many different chemicals.
(a) Retinol (vitamin A) promotes cell regeneration.
One method of supplying retinol to the skin is by using a skin cr... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Step 1
Name the type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol.
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Answer
The type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol is called hydrolysis. This reaction involves breaking the chemical bonds in retinyl palmitate in the presence of water, resulting in the formation of retinol.
Step 2
Write a molecular formula for retinol.
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The molecular formula for retinol is C20H30O. This indicates that the molecule contains 20 carbon atoms, 30 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom.
Step 3
Describe how free radicals are formed.
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Free radicals are formed through bond breaking, often induced by external factors like UV light or radiation. During these processes, a stable molecule may lose an electron, resulting in an unpaired electron and creating a reactive free radical.
Step 4
State the name given to this step in the chain reaction.
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The name given to this step in the chain reaction is propagation. During this step, the hydroxyl radical interacts with the fatty acid to form a new radical, which continues the chain reaction.
Step 5
State how free radical scavengers prevent further chain reactions.
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Free radical scavengers prevent further chain reactions by reacting with free radicals to form stable products. By donating electrons, they neutralize the unpaired electrons of free radicals, effectively stopping the chain reaction and preventing cellular damage.
Step 6
Circle a peptide link in the above structure.
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The peptide link (C(O)NH) can be identified within the structural representation of palmitoyl pentapeptide-4. It connects the amino acids together, forming the backbone of the peptide.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for the amino acid serine.
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The structural formula for the amino acid serine can be represented as follows:
OH
|
H2N-C-COOH
|
H
Here, the side chain (-OH) identifies serine, distinguishing it from other amino acids.
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