Up to 10% of perfumes sold in the UK are counterfeit versions of brand name perfumes - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 4 - 2015
Question 4
Up to 10% of perfumes sold in the UK are counterfeit versions of brand name perfumes.
One way to identify if a perfume is counterfeit is to use gas chromatography. ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Up to 10% of perfumes sold in the UK are counterfeit versions of brand name perfumes - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 4 - 2015
Step 1
Identify one compound present in the brand name perfume that appears in both counterfeit perfumes.
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Answer
One compound present in the brand name perfume that is also found in both counterfeit perfumes is geraniol.
Step 2
State another difference that the chromatograms show between the counterfeit perfumes and the brand name perfume.
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Answer
The chromatograms indicate that the concentration or volume of compounds that are common in both the brand name perfume and the counterfeit perfumes is different, showing that these compounds are present in lower concentrations in the counterfeits.
Step 3
Suggest why helium is used.
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Helium is used because it is an inert gas that does not react with the molecules being carried through the chromatography column, providing a stable environment for the separation of compounds.
Step 4
State another factor that would affect the retention time of molecules during gas chromatography.
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The size (mass) of the molecules or the temperature of the column can also affect the retention time during gas chromatography.
Step 5
State the name that is given to molecules consisting of joined isoprene units.
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Molecules consisting of joined isoprene units are called terpenes.
Step 6
State the systematic name for linalool.
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The systematic name for linalool is 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol.
Step 7
Explain why linalool can be classified as a tertiary alcohol.
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Linalool can be classified as a tertiary alcohol because the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon atom that is itself bonded to three other carbon atoms.
Step 8
Calculate the mass of cinnamon powder, in g, which would need to be consumed by an adult weighing 75 kg to reach the tolerable daily intake.
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To reach the tolerable daily intake of coumarin (0-10 mg/kg), an adult weighing 75 kg would need a maximum of ( 75 kg \times 10 mg/kg = 750 mg ). Since 1 kg of cinnamon powder contains 4.4 g (or 4400 mg) of coumarin, the amount of cinnamon powder required can be calculated as follows:
Determine how much coumarin is in 1 g of cinnamon:
( rac{4400 mg}{1000 g} = 4.4 mg/g)
Calculate the amount of cinnamon needed to reach 750 mg of coumarin:
(\frac{750 mg}{4.4 mg/g} \approx 170.45 g)
Thus, approximately 170 g of cinnamon powder would need to be consumed.
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