The molar volume (in units of litres per mole) is the same for all gases at the same temperature and pressure - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 10 - 2018

To measure and compare the molar volume of gases, a suitable experimental setup could include the following steps:

1. Setup: Use a gas syringe for accurate measurement of gas volume. Connect the gas syringe to a reaction vessel using a delivery tube. Ensure that all apparatus is airtight, using stoppers where necessary to prevent gas escape.

2. Chemical Reaction: For example, react hydrochloric acid with zinc to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction can be represented as:

   $ext{Zn} + 2 ext{HCl} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2 + \text{H}_2$

   This reaction will release a known amount of hydrogen gas.

3. Measurement: As the reaction proceeds, the hydrogen gas produced will fill the gas syringe. Record the volume of hydrogen gas collected once the reaction is complete.

4. Repeat with Other Gases: Following the same procedure, different chemicals can be reacted to produce gases (e.g., sodium carbonate with acid to produce carbon dioxide).

5. Comparative Analysis: Measure the volumes of different gases produced at the same temperature and pressure conditions. Use these measurements to determine the molar volumes of the gases based on the amount of reactant used, applying the ideal gas law if necessary:

   $PV = nRT$ where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.

6. Conclusion: Analyze the results to compare the molar volumes of the different gases produced. Ensure that all measurements are done under the same conditions to maintain consistency.