Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to m... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Using the flowchart, suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
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Answer
Recycle (waste) gases: Reusing any unreacted ethene or other gases helps in reducing waste and improving cost efficiency.
Use a catalyst: Implementing catalysts can reduce energy requirements and reaction times, leading to lower operational costs.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
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The process used in Separator 2 is fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
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Ethane-1,2-diol has two hydroxyl (-OH) groups, compared to propan-1-ol which has only one. This allows for stronger hydrogen bonding between ethane-1,2-diol molecules, resulting in increased viscosity. The presence of additional -OH groups increases molecular interaction, making it more resistant to flow.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
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A possible structural formula for a three carbon diol is:
HO-CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₃
This shows a compound with two -OH groups attached to the second carbon.
Step 5
Describe the procedure that should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
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Use a pipette to accurately measure 20 cm³ of ethanol.
Transfer the 20 cm³ of ethanol into a 100 cm³ volumetric flask.
Add distilled water to the flask until the total volume reaches exactly 100 cm³, ensuring proper mixing.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
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To calculate the total volume required:
Specify the weight of the animal, using a weight of 4 kg for calculation (the midpoint).
Each kg requires 5 cm³ of solution:
Total volume = 4 kg × 5 cm³/kg = 20 cm³.
So, the total volume needed to treat a 4 kg animal is 20 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
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A possible product of the oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol is glycolic acid, which can be represented as:
HO-CH(OH)-COOH
This shows a carboxylic acid and an -OH group.
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
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The formula for sodium glycolate is NaC₂H₃O₃.
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