Thiols are compounds that contain an -SH functional group - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2019

Propan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethanethiol due to stronger hydrogen bonding capabilities. In propan-1-ol, hydrogen bonds are present between the -OH groups, which require more energy to break compared to the dipole-dipole interactions in ethanethiol. Therefore, more energy is required to convert propan-1-ol into vapor.

The thiol that contains only one carbon atom is methanethiol.

First, convert 43,900 litres to cubic centimeters:

43,900 L = 43,900,000 cm³.

Now, calculate the total mass required:

Mass = concentration × volume = (2.7 × 10^{-7} mg/cm³) × (43,900,000 cm³) = 11.85 mg.

Therefore, the minimum mass of ethanethiol required is approximately 11.85 mg.

2-methyl-2-propanethiol is classified as a tertiary thiol because the sulfur atom is bonded to a carbon atom that is itself bonded to three other carbon atoms.

The structure of the other isomer formed from the addition reaction of hydrogen sulfide with 2-methylpropene is as follows:

H H | H - C - H | C - S - H | C - H H

2-methyl-1-propanethiol.

To calculate the mass of 2-methyl-2-propanethiol produced, first determine the theoretical yield based on the initial amount of 2-methylpropene:

Theoretical mass = (30 g × 90 g/mol) / 56 g/mol = 48.21 g.

Given the actual yield is 84%, the mass produced is:

Actual mass = theoretical mass × yield = 48.21 g × 0.84 = 40.47 g.

Thus, the mass of 2-methyl-2-propanethiol made by the chemist is approximately 40.47 g.