Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Using the flowchart, suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
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Answer
Recycle (waste) gases to minimize waste and reduce operational costs.
Use catalysts to accelerate reactions, increasing yield and reducing energy consumption in the process.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
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Answer
Fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
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Ethane-1,2-diol possesses a greater number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups compared to propan-1-ol, resulting in more hydrogen bonding between molecules. This increased intermolecular interaction leads to higher viscosity as the molecules are held together more tightly, making it harder to flow.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
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The structural formula for a diol with three carbon atoms:
OH
|
H3C-CH-CH2-OH
Step 5
Describe the procedure which should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
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Use a pipette to measure exactly 20 cm³ of ethanol.
Carefully transfer the ethanol into a 100 cm³ volumetric flask.
Add distilled water until the total volume reaches the 100 cm³ mark.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
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Answer
To treat a 3-5 kg animal:
Calculate the total volume for a 3 kg animal:
3 kg × 5 cm³/kg = 15 cm³
Calculate the total volume for a 5 kg animal:
5 kg × 5 cm³/kg = 25 cm³
Thus, the total volume required is between 15 cm³ and 25 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
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Possible oxidation product:
HO-CH2-C(=O)-OH
This represents a dicarbonic acid, such as oxalic acid.
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
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Answer
The formula for sodium glycolate is NaC2H3O3.
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