When fats and oils are hydrolysed, mixtures of fatty acids are obtained - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 5 - 2016
Question 5
When fats and oils are hydrolysed, mixtures of fatty acids are obtained.
(a) Name the other product obtained in this reaction.
(b) The table below shows the percen... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:When fats and oils are hydrolysed, mixtures of fatty acids are obtained - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 5 - 2016
Step 1
Name the other product obtained in this reaction.
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Answer
The other product obtained in the hydrolysis of fats and oils is glycerol (or glycerine, or propane-1,2,3-triol).
Step 2
State the class of fatty acid to which linoleic acid belongs.
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Answer
Linoleic acid belongs to the class of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Step 3
State the systematic name for caprylic acid.
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Answer
The systematic name for caprylic acid is octanoic acid.
Step 4
Describe how this apparatus could be used to show that olive oil has a greater degree of unsaturation than coconut oil.
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Bromine solution is added to both oils until the bromine is no longer decolourised (or redish-brown color remains). More bromine would be required for the more unsaturated olive oil, while less bromine would be required for the saturated coconut oil.
Step 5
Suggest why hexane is used as the solvent, rather than water.
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Hexane is a non-polar solvent, while water is a polar solvent. Non-polar solvents are better for dissolving non-polar substances like oils.
Step 6
Give two reasons why coconut oil has a higher melting point than olive oil.
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Coconut oil molecules can pack more closely together due to its linear fatty acid chains, allowing for stronger intermolecular forces between the molecules. Additionally, the London dispersion forces (van der Waals’ forces) between the molecules in coconut oil are stronger than those in olive oil.
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