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The construction of a major dam and its associated reservoir can have major consequences for the surrounding area and its people - Scottish Highers Geography - Question 1 - 2023
Question 1
The construction of a major dam and its associated reservoir can have major consequences for the surrounding area and its people. Discuss the positive and negative ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The construction of a major dam and its associated reservoir can have major consequences for the surrounding area and its people - Scottish Highers Geography - Question 1 - 2023
Step 1
Socio-economic positive consequences
Answer
One significant benefit of a major dam project, such as the Hoover Dam, is the provision of water supply for agricultural and urban use. The dam regulates river flow, ensuring a stable water supply, which is essential for irrigation. This leads to increased agricultural productivity and can enhance local economies.
Furthermore, the dam contributes to electricity generation through hydropower, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and providing a cleaner energy source. The Hoover Dam, for instance, generates significant hydroelectric power, supporting both local industries and households with energy needs.
Step 2
Socio-economic negative consequences
Answer
On the flip side, significant socio-economic disruption often accompanies dam projects. Large-scale construction may necessitate the relocation of communities, leading to loss of homes and disruption of social networks. For example, the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam in Arizona resulted in the displacement of several indigenous communities.
Additionally, while jobs may be created during the construction phase, these may not be sustained in the long term, leading to economic instability once the construction is completed.
Step 3
Environmental positive consequences
Answer
From an environmental perspective, dam constructions can help manage flooding by controlling water flow downstream. The Hoover Dam helps mitigate the risk of flooding in regions downstream by regulating the Colorado River's water levels. This, in turn, protects habitats and human settlements from flood damage.
Moreover, the creation of a reservoir supports local ecosystems by providing a habitat for aquatic species, although this requires careful management to avoid ecological imbalances.
Step 4
Environmental negative consequences
Answer
Conversely, the environmental impact of dam construction can be substantial. Dams disrupt the natural flow of rivers, leading to negative implications for aquatic ecosystems, which can affect fish migration patterns and breeding cycles. The Glen Canyon Dam, for example, has been associated with declining populations of native fish species.
Additionally, the creation of large reservoirs inundates expansive land areas, leading to loss of terrestrial habitats and native plant species. This ultimately alters local biodiversity, and in some cases, non-native species proliferate, further upsetting ecological balance.