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How important were changing British attitudes towards appeasement as a reason for the outbreak of war in 1939? - Scottish Highers History - Question 39 - 2019
Question 39
How important were changing British attitudes towards appeasement as a reason for the outbreak of war in 1939?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important were changing British attitudes towards appeasement as a reason for the outbreak of war in 1939? - Scottish Highers History - Question 39 - 2019
Step 1
Changing British attitudes towards appeasement
Answer
The shift in British attitudes towards appeasement played a crucial role in the lead-up to the outbreak of war in 1939. Initially, the policy of appeasement was seen as a viable strategy to maintain peace, particularly in light of the trauma of World War I. However, as Hitler's ambitions became clearer through actions like the remilitarization of the Rhineland and the annexation of Austria, public and political sentiment began to change.
By 1939, there was a growing realization that appeasement had emboldened Nazi Germany. Events such as the Munich Agreement of 1938, which allowed for the German annexation of Czechoslovakia, highlighted the failures of this approach and increased skepticism among British citizens and politicians alike. Ultimately, the perception that appeasement had failed led to a shift towards a more confrontational stance against Hitler's regime.
Step 2
Other factors
Answer
While changing attitudes towards appeasement were significant, they were not the sole reason for the outbreak of war. Other contributing factors included:
- The Occupation of Czechoslovakia: The full occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany in March 1939 demonstrated Hitler's expansionist aims, prompting further British concern.
- British diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union: The alignment of Britain with the Soviet Union as a response to the Nazi threat was vital in forming a united front against Germany.
- The Nazi-Soviet Pact: Signed in August 1939, this non-aggression pact between Hitler and Stalin shocked Britain and further motivated them to prepare for war.
All these aspects combined created a sense of urgency and recognition that the time for appeasement had ended, contributing to the decision to enter the war.