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How important was diplomacy as a method used by Germany and Italy to pursue their foreign policies from 1933? - Scottish Highers History - Question 49 - 2023
Question 49
How important was diplomacy as a method used by Germany and Italy to pursue their foreign policies from 1933?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was diplomacy as a method used by Germany and Italy to pursue their foreign policies from 1933? - Scottish Highers History - Question 49 - 2023
Step 1
Examine the Role of Diplomacy
Answer
Diplomacy served as a crucial instrument for both Germany and Italy to achieve their foreign policy goals during the 1930s. It involved negotiation, agreements, and alliances which allowed these nations to expand their influence without immediate military confrontation. This method provided a facade of peace while pursuing aggressive territorial ambitions.
Step 2
Analyze Germany's Diplomatic Strategy
Answer
Germany, under Adolf Hitler, used diplomacy strategically to exploit the weaknesses of other nations. For instance, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles was treated as a starting point for revisionist policies. Munich Agreement of 1938 and the non-aggression pact with the USSR in 1939 exemplify how Germany used diplomatic negotiations to gain concessions and enhance its security without war.
Step 3
Investigate Italy's Diplomatic Maneuvers
Answer
Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, also relied on diplomacy to re-establish its influence in the Mediterranean and Africa. Alliances with Germany, especially through the Pact of Steel in 1939, highlighted Italy's diplomatic activities aimed at countering the threat posed by Western democracies, while achieving its imperial ambitions.
Step 4
Evaluate the Limitations of Diplomacy
Answer
Despite the initial successes, the reliance on diplomacy had its limitations. As seen in the failures of appeasement and the eventual outbreak of World War II, the diplomatic efforts by both Germany and Italy often masked their aggressive intentions, leading to mistrust and conflict among European powers. Hence, while diplomacy was important, it ultimately failed to prevent war.