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How important was the role of the IRA as a reason for the developing crisis in Northern Ireland, by 1968? - Scottish Highers History - Question 20 - 2022
Question 20
How important was the role of the IRA as a reason for the developing crisis in Northern Ireland, by 1968?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was the role of the IRA as a reason for the developing crisis in Northern Ireland, by 1968? - Scottish Highers History - Question 20 - 2022
Step 1
Role of the IRA
Answer
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) played a significant role in escalating tensions in Northern Ireland, particularly in the 1960s. The organization, which aimed to end British rule in Ireland and reunify the island, adopted increasingly militant tactics during this period. The violent actions of the IRA, especially after the violent clashes in Derry, contributed to a cycle of violence that not only heightened communal divisions but also prompted a heavy-handed response from law enforcement, antagonizing the Catholic community further. Additionally, the emergence of the Provisional IRA in 1969 marked a pivotal shift in tactics, with an emphasis on violent opposition to British forces, making the IRA a key factor in the crisis.
Step 2
Other Contributing Factors
Answer
While the role of the IRA was important, several other factors also contributed to the developing crisis. These included:
- Unionist Political Ascendancy: The dominance of the Unionist party in Northern Ireland created policy environments that marginalized Catholic communities, leading to widespread discontent.
- Cultural and Political Differences: Distinct identities between Protestant and Catholic communities fueled divisions. Political disenfranchisement of Catholics added to grievances, with systemic discrimination entrenched in institutions.
- Civil Rights Movement: The civil rights movement emerged in the late 1960s, highlighting equality issues and demanding social justice, which intensified protest actions and confrontations with police.
- International Context: Global movements for civil rights and decolonization influenced Northern Ireland, pushing marginalized groups to seek change. The escalation of violence and unrest drew attention from external observers, adding international pressure on the British government to address the situation.
Step 3
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, the role of the IRA was crucial in the lead-up to the crisis by instigating violence and resisting state authority. However, it was part of a broader context that included political, social, and economic factors. Together, these elements culminated in a significant crisis in Northern Ireland by 1968, shaped by the actions of both the IRA and other societal factors.