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To what extent were Irish attitudes to British rule after World War I the main obstacle to peace, up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1918–1921? - Scottish Highers History - Question 18 - 2022
Question 18
To what extent were Irish attitudes to British rule after World War I the main obstacle to peace, up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1918–1921?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent were Irish attitudes to British rule after World War I the main obstacle to peace, up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1918–1921? - Scottish Highers History - Question 18 - 2022
Step 1
Context of Irish Attitudes
Answer
Irish attitudes to British rule after World War I were heavily influenced by the radicalization of politics during the war. Political sentiments shifted significantly, and the British attempts to address the issue of governance in Ireland led to increased tensions. The introduction of conscription was met with strong resistance, showcasing the deep-seated resentment towards British authority.
Step 2
Role of the Dáil (Declaration of Independence)
Answer
The declaration of independence by Republicans, notably by figures like Éamon de Valera and Michael Collins, marked a significant turning point. The establishment of the Dáil Éireann and the assertion of an Irish government challenged British rule directly. This governmental structure fostered unity among Irish nationalists and was seen as a refusal to negotiate under British authority.
Step 3
IRA Tactics and Policies
Answer
The actions of the IRA, particularly the guerrilla warfare against British forces, marked an escalation in conflict. These violent tactics aimed to undermine British efforts to maintain control over Ireland. This, coupled with British reprisals, created a cycle of violence that severely impacted relations and placed significant obstacles to peace.
Step 4
Public Sentiment Towards Peace Negotiations
Answer
Public opinion was deeply divided. Some factions believed in peace negotiations with Britain, while others viewed any form of compromise as betrayal. This polarization made it difficult to achieve consensus on how to approach the negotiations leading up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty.