Photo AI
How important was the growth of Sinn Féin as an obstacle to peace, up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1918–21? - Scottish Highers History - Question 29 - 2018
Question 29
How important was the growth of Sinn Féin as an obstacle to peace, up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1918–21?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was the growth of Sinn Féin as an obstacle to peace, up to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1918–21? - Scottish Highers History - Question 29 - 2018
Step 1
The growth of Sinn Féin
Answer
The growth of Sinn Féin was significant as it became the leading voice for Irish nationalism following the Easter Rising in 1916. With a surge in membership, reaching around 120,000, and increased electoral successes, Sinn Féin effectively mobilized public sentiment against British rule. The party's position was solidified in the 1918 General Election when it won 75 of the 105 seats in Ireland, which represented a clear rejection of the Irish Parliamentary Party and indicated rising support for a more radical approach to achieving Irish independence.
Step 2
Actions and policies of Sinn Féin
Answer
Sinn Féin's establishment of the Dáil Éireann in 1919 marked a pivotal moment in Irish politics, as it proclaimed itself the legitimate government of Ireland. The refusal to engage with Westminster reinforced their position, but it also polarized the population and escalated tensions, leading to violent confrontations with British forces. Sinn Féin’s advocacy for a republican government undermined any potential for compromise and directly contributed to prolonged conflict, marking their growth as a significant obstacle to peace.
Step 3
Reaction of the British Government
Answer
The response of the British government to Sinn Féin's rising influence also played a crucial role. Attempts to suppress the movement only intensified resistance, with the establishment of the Black and Tans and subsequent violent reprisals exacerbating the situation. The brutal tactics employed by British forces against civilians, often justified as responses to Sinn Féin’s actions, created a cycle of violence that alienated moderate voices and made reconciliation increasingly difficult.
Step 4
Impact of the Anglo-Irish Treaty
Answer
The Anglo-Irish Treaty, concluded in 1921, was influenced heavily by the growing strength and intransigence of Sinn Féin. Although it aimed to establish peace, the failure to fully satisfy Sinn Féin's demands for complete independence meant that significant portions of the Irish population viewed the treaty as a compromise rather than a resolution. This division further demonstrated how Sinn Féin's growth was a substantial barrier to achieving lasting peace during the period.