Photo AI
Britain was a fully democratic country by 1918 - Scottish Highers History - Question 11 - 2019
Question 11
Britain was a fully democratic country by 1918. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Britain was a fully democratic country by 1918 - Scottish Highers History - Question 11 - 2019
Step 1
Context
Answer
The political changes in Britain during the 19th century were largely evolutionary rather than revolutionary. By the early 20th century, reforms had gradually expanded access to the political system, particularly concerning the right to vote.
The Representation of the People Act of 1918 was a monumental step as it enfranchised a significant portion of the adult population. However, it is essential to consider whether this act made Britain a fully democratic country.
Step 2
Widening of the franchise
Answer
The Representation of the People Act of 1867 was an initial step, allowing skilled working-class men in towns to gain the vote. The act significantly increased the electorate by adding about 200,000 men. With this momentum, the Representation of the People Act of 1884 further extended the franchise but still excluded large groups such as women and many working-class citizens.
The 1918 act expanded upon this by granting the right to vote to all men over the age of 21 and women over the age of 30. However, even with these changes, many disenfranchised groups remained, which raises questions about the full extent of democracy in Britain.
Step 3
Distribution of the franchise
Answer
While the 1918 act provided significant advances, it did not apply uniformly across the UK. In Scotland, for instance, men had been able to vote at a younger age, and disparities existed regarding social class and voting rights. This inconsistency suggests that while strides were made, a truly 'fully democratic' state was not yet achieved.
Step 4
Corruption and electoral integrity
Answer
Historical instances of corruption and intimidation in elections indicate that the voting process was not fully transparent. For example, practices such as bribery and voter intimidation were prevalent, undermining the integrity of the electoral system.
Step 5
Role of the House of Lords
Answer
The House of Lords played a pivotal role in maintaining a degree of power over decision-making processes and continued to exist as an unelected body. This lack of a fully elected legislative chamber limited the democratic nature of the British political system.
Step 6
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while significant advancements were made towards democratization by 1918, describing Britain as a fully democratic country would overlook critical factors such as ongoing disenfranchisement and the influence of corruption. Therefore, the view that Britain was a fully democratic country by this time is only partially valid.