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How important was the impact of the Civil War as a reason for the increase of central royal power in the reign of Henry II of England? - Scottish Highers History - Question 18 - 2018
Question 18
How important was the impact of the Civil War as a reason for the increase of central royal power in the reign of Henry II of England?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was the impact of the Civil War as a reason for the increase of central royal power in the reign of Henry II of England? - Scottish Highers History - Question 18 - 2018
Step 1
Impact of the Civil War
Answer
The Civil War significantly influenced the increase of central royal power during Henry II's reign. The war, which arose from the dispute between Stephen and Matilda, created a context in which structures of governance needed to be re-established and centralized.
Firstly, Henry's ascension followed the upheaval caused by Stephen's reign, marked by instability and feudal disputes. Upon becoming king, Henry II focused on restoring royal authority. The devastation caused by the war prompted Henry to take measures to enhance royal revenues, particularly through the effective management of land and taxation.
Henry's introduction of the scutage system allowed for the effective mobilization of resources without relying solely on knights serving in person, enhancing the financial base of the crown.
Step 2
Growth of the Nobility
Answer
Another outcome of the Civil War was the shift in nobility dynamics. The war had diminished the power of some feudal lords and allowed Henry to consolidate power. By implementing the Exchequer reforms and focusing on efficient tax collection, Henry could undermine the traditional influences of the nobility. This allowed for increased control over local governance and the establishment of a more centralized royal power.
Step 3
Cost of Warfare
Answer
The militaristic nature of Henry's reign justifies how warfare facilitated centralization. As conflicts necessitated funding, the need for a stable revenue stream led Henry to reform the taxation system. The Assize of Arms in 1181 may also reflect the government’s ambitions to streamline military obligations and ensure that military resources were aligned with royal interests.
Step 4
Need to Develop the Economy
Answer
The aftermath of the Civil War also necessitated the growth of the economy. Henry II's policies aimed to stimulate trade and rebuild war-torn regions. For instance, facilitating trade with the port of Guilame encouraged economic stability, further consolidating royal power through a prosperous realm, which lessened the reliance on the turbulent feudal system.
Step 5
Law and Order
Answer
Henry II's legal reforms were pivotal for establishing central royal power. By expanding royal jurisdiction and standardizing the legal processes, he laid the groundwork for a more unified national governance structure. The consolidation of laws under royal authority after the conflict made legal systems works in the interest of the crown, limiting the discretion of local lords and thereby increasing royal control over justice.