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The role of Bismarck was the main reason why unification was achieved in Germany, by 1871 - Scottish Highers History - Question 42 - 2018
Question 42
The role of Bismarck was the main reason why unification was achieved in Germany, by 1871. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The role of Bismarck was the main reason why unification was achieved in Germany, by 1871 - Scottish Highers History - Question 42 - 2018
Step 1
Assess the Role of Bismarck
Answer
Bismarck played a pivotal role in the unification of Germany through a series of strategic conflicts and diplomatic maneuvers. His actions included orchestrating wars against Denmark in 1864 and Austria in 1866, as well as manipulating the circumstances leading to the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71. These conflicts not only strengthened Prussia militarily but also galvanized nationalist sentiments among the German states. Furthermore, Bismarck’s diplomacy isolated France, making the unification possible by aligning various German states against a common enemy.
Step 2
Evaluate Other Contributing Factors
Answer
While Bismarck's role was significant, other factors also played crucial roles in German unification. The military strength of Prussia, bolstered by modern reforms and an industrialized economy, enhanced its capacity to wage successful wars. Economic integration through the Zollverein fostered closer ties among German states, facilitating unification. Additionally, the decline of Austria and the shifting balance of power in Europe created a favorable environment for unification. The political effects of these wars and the consequent rise of nationalism among the German populace also advanced the cause for unification.
Step 3
Conclusion on Validity
Answer
In conclusion, while Bismarck was undoubtedly the chief architect of German unification, the assertion that he was the main reason oversimplifies the complexities involved. Multiple factors, including the rise of Prussia, economic integration, and geopolitical shifts, contributed significantly to this historical event. Therefore, the view is valid but must be understood within the broader context of the myriad influences at play during this period.