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The decline of Austria was the main reason why unification was achieved in Germany, by 1871 - Scottish Highers History - Question 35 - 2022
Question 35
The decline of Austria was the main reason why unification was achieved in Germany, by 1871. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The decline of Austria was the main reason why unification was achieved in Germany, by 1871 - Scottish Highers History - Question 35 - 2022
Step 1
Assessing the Role of Austria's Decline
Answer
The decline of Austria undoubtedly played a pivotal role in the unification of Germany. The weakening of Austria's influence in German affairs allowed for Prussia to emerge as the dominant German state. This decline reached its peak during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, where Prussia defeated Austria decisively, leading to the establishment of the North German Confederation. The exclusion of Austria from German politics was crucial in shaping a unified German identity based on Prussian leadership.
Step 2
Considering Other Contributing Factors
Answer
While Austria's decline was significant, it is essential to recognize other factors that contributed to unification. Otto von Bismarck's political strategies, including the manipulation of diplomatic situations and military victories, were instrumental in achieving unification. Bismarck's approach, such as the creation of the Zollverein, facilitated economic unity among German states, further enabling political consolidation under Prussian leadership.
Step 3
Evaluating the Importance of Bismarck's Leadership
Answer
Bismarck's role in orchestrating the political landscape cannot be understated. His management of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 rallied the German states against a common enemy, fostering a sense of nationalism that was vital for unification. Bismarck's ability to present Prussia as the protector of German interests was fundamental to securing alliances and support for unification.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In summary, while the decline of Austria was a key factor in the unification of Germany, it was not the sole reason. Bismarck's diplomatic finesse, military strategies, and the economic factors that arose from the Zollverein were equally important. Therefore, the view that Austria's decline was the main reason for unification is valid but requires a nuanced understanding that considers multiple contributing elements.