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The role of Cavour was the main reason why unification was achieved in Italy, by 1870 - Scottish Highers History - Question 45 - 2018
Question 45
The role of Cavour was the main reason why unification was achieved in Italy, by 1870. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The role of Cavour was the main reason why unification was achieved in Italy, by 1870 - Scottish Highers History - Question 45 - 2018
Step 1
Evaluate the Role of Cavour
Answer
Cavour played a crucial role in the unification of Italy through his diplomatic and political strategies. He modernized Piedmont and significantly improved its economy, thereby strengthening its position in the Italian peninsula. His diplomatic skills during the critical events of 1859, particularly in the war against Austria, were instrumental in gaining French support against the Austrians. Cavour's ability to leverage international alliances and navigate complex political landscapes significantly contributed to the unification process.
Step 2
Assess Other Factors
Answer
While Cavour's role was significant, other factors also played vital roles. The rise of Piedmont as a dominant force amongst Italian states helped facilitate unification. Furthermore, leaders like Garibaldi executed military campaigns crucial for unification, which Cavour strategically supported. Additionally, the waning influence of Austria and external pressures, such as French involvement, shaped the path toward unification.
Step 3
Analyze the Influence of International Relations
Answer
International dynamics also facilitated Italian unification. Napoleon III's policies aimed at expanding France's influence while countering Austrian power directly influenced outcomes in Italy. His decision to support Piedmont against Austria was a turning point. Cavour's clever manipulation of this foreign support underscored the importance of international relations in the unification process.
Step 4
Consider the Role of Garibaldi
Answer
Garibaldi's military exploits were critical in the unification struggle. His capture of Sicily and the march on Rome were vital actions that complemented Cavour's diplomatic maneuvers. This highlights that while Cavour's diplomatic efforts were central to unification, the grassroots movements led by figures like Garibaldi were equally significant.
Step 5
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while Cavour was an essential figure whose contributions cannot be understated, the unification of Italy was a multifaceted process influenced by various leaders, international dynamics, and socio-political factors. Therefore, the view that Cavour was the main reason for unification is valid but requires a nuanced understanding of other important contributors to the event.