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The role of Garibaldi was the main reason why unification was achieved in Italy by 1870 - Scottish Highers History - Question 39 - 2022
Question 39
The role of Garibaldi was the main reason why unification was achieved in Italy by 1870. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The role of Garibaldi was the main reason why unification was achieved in Italy by 1870 - Scottish Highers History - Question 39 - 2022
Step 1
Role of Garibaldi
Answer
Garibaldi's military successes were pivotal in the unification of Italy. As a key leader of the Italian national movement, he famously led his forces through Sicily, ultimately contributing to the wider unification effort. His expeditions, notably the conquest of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860, were crucial, as they not only expanded Italian territory but also inspired further support for unification.
However, it is important to recognize that Garibaldi's actions were intertwined with the political maneuvers of figures like Camillo di Cavour and King Victor Emmanuel II. While Garibaldi mobilized popular support and engaged in military action, the strategic diplomatic negotiations and statecraft employed by Cavour facilitated the essential groundwork for unification.
Step 2
Role of Cavour
Answer
Cavour played a vital role in the modernization of Piedmont and the unification strategy. His diplomatic skills, especially during the critical years of 1859 and 1860, were instrumental in aligning alliances that favored Italian interests. Cavour's handling of the Austro-Sardinian War led to significant territorial gains and set the stage for further unification efforts.
His political strategy often involved fostering relationships with larger powers, such as France, which directly aided in combatting Austrian control in Italy. Without Cavour’s pragmatic approach and funding for military endeavors, Garibaldi's achievements might not have been sustainable.
Step 3
Role of Foreign Powers
Answer
Foreign powers also played a key role in the unification process. The withdrawal of French troops from Rome in 1870 allowed the Italian forces to finally take control of the city. Moreover, the geopolitical interests of larger nations influenced the aid and support that Italy received during its unification efforts. The Franco-Prussian War also shifted the balance of power in Europe, enabling the Italian movement to gain momentum at a crucial time.
Step 4
Any Other Relevant Factors
Answer
Social movements and popular revolts significantly contributed to the unification of Italy. Nationalism was at an all-time high, with various uprisings occurring throughout the Italian states, creating a fervor that Garibaldi capitalized on. Additionally, the influence of the church and local leaders motivated the populace to strive for a unified Italy. Thus, while Garibaldi was a central figure, his role cannot be isolated from the multifaceted dynamics that led to the unification.