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By 1850 there had been a significant growth of nationalism in Italy - Scottish Highers History - Question 29 - 2019
Question 29
By 1850 there had been a significant growth of nationalism in Italy. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:By 1850 there had been a significant growth of nationalism in Italy - Scottish Highers History - Question 29 - 2019
Step 1
Supporters of nationalism
Answer
Nationalism gained momentum in Italy following the Vienna Settlement of 1815. The rise of the educated middle classes and new political ideas contributed significantly to this growth. Key proponents, including intellectuals like Mazzini and Alfieri, pushed for a unified Italy, arguing against foreign control and advocating for a common Italian identity. Various social and economic reforms further cultivated a sense of nationalism, leading to increased public interest in the call for a unified nation.
Step 2
Opponents of nationalism
Answer
Despite the growth of nationalism, there were substantial opposition forces. The fragmented political landscape, maintained by foreign powers like Austria, stifled unity. The Papal States represented one of the significant barriers, as the Pope opposed nationalistic thoughts, aiming to preserve the Church's power. Additionally, regional loyalties often overshadowed national sentiment, complicating the path to unification.
Step 3
The position of the Papacy
Answer
The influence of the Papacy in maintaining divided loyalties was notable. The Pope reestablished control in the kingdoms of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States, stifling nationalist fervor. This stance was particularly evident in reactions to political liberalization, where the Papacy condemned movements that threatened its influence. The Church's opposition was a pivotal factor in delaying the growth of a cohesive national identity across Italy.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, the statement regarding the growth of nationalism in Italy by 1850 is partially valid. While there was a significant rise in nationalistic sentiments among certain social classes, substantial opposition and regional disparities hindered the growth of a unified national identity. The complexities around political alliances, foreign domination, and the staunch opposition from traditional institutions like the Papacy played critical roles in shaping the context of Italian nationalism during this period.