Scottish Highers History Russia: How important was discontent amo

Question

How important was discontent among the peasantry in causing the 1905 Revolution?

Context:
At the turn of the century around 80% of the Russian population were peasants. Living in poverty and hunger, lacking education and a political voice, the peasants faced suppression and lived at the mercy of local landowners. In 1905 Russia's problems had led to open opposition to the Tsarist state.

Discontent among the peasantry:
The vast majority of Russians were peasant farmers who lived in poverty and were desperate to own their own land. Land hunger was a common problem as many peasants were frustrated at paying redemption payments, and at the inadequate reforms attempted to introduce reforms. An economic slump in Russia hurt the newly-created Russian industries, coupled with famine in 1902/1903, led to increased discontent.

Peasants were heavily taxed, paying almost seven times as much tax (proportionately) compared to the upper classes.

Peasants were also angry when Russian grain was still being exported to pay for the foreign debts.

There were claims that peasants should boycott paying taxes, redemption payments and refuse to be conscripted. Some peasants rioted and burned their certificates after the government threatened to repossess their land under the Redemption Payments.

Other factors:

Working-class discontent:
The working and living conditions in the cities were very poor and this, along with long hours, led to protests and strikes.

Economic problems:
Russia had been experiencing a number of economic problems in the period before 1905.

Political problems - discontent with repressive government and its policies:
The growing unhappiness with Tsarist autocratic rule affected both liberal middle classes and the industrial workers. They were frustrated by the incompetence of the Tsar’s government, especially during the war with Japan. Provocation from middle-class groups; the Zemstvo called for change; and the Red Army, including workers and soldiers, formed connections.

Military defeat in the war against Japan:
The war with Japan was a failure and a humiliation for the country and moreover this was compounded by the heavy losses suffered by the Russian army.

Bloody Sunday:
On Sunday 9th (22nd) January, 1905, Father Gapon, an Orthodox priest attempted to lead a peaceful march of workers and their families from the Winter Palace to deliver a petition calling the Tsar to improve the conditions of the workers.

How important was discontent among the peasantry in causing the 1905 Revolution? Context: At the turn of the century around 80% of the Russian population were peasants - Scottish Highers History - Question 46 - 2018

Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was discontent among the peasantry in causing the 1905 Revolution? Context: At the turn of the century around 80% of the Russian population were peasants - Scottish Highers History - Question 46 - 2018

How important was discontent among the peasantry in causing the 1905 Revolution?

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