Photo AI
To what extent was the role of Tsar Nicholas II the main reason for the February Revolution, 1917? - Scottish Highers History - Question 48 - 2018
Question 48
To what extent was the role of Tsar Nicholas II the main reason for the February Revolution, 1917?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the role of Tsar Nicholas II the main reason for the February Revolution, 1917? - Scottish Highers History - Question 48 - 2018
Step 1
Role of Tsar Nicholas II
Answer
Tsar Nicholas II struggled to rule over a vast Empire with varied nationalities, which included economic and political challenges. He failed to implement significant social and political change, which contributed to public disillusionment.
Nicholas's indecision and the failure to respond effectively to revolutionary sentiments were pivotal. His relationship with political figures often led to ineffective governance and increased the political instability within Russia.
Step 2
Impact of the First World War – Military Defeat
Answer
The military failures during the First World War placed immense pressure on Nicholas II's reign. The disastrous defeats faced by the Russian army had a profound psychological effect on the populace. The incompetence of military leaders further compounded issues at the front, leading to mass unrest back home.
The Tsar’s decision to take on the role of Commander-in-Chief further isolated him, as he became personally responsible for military failures that undermined loyalty.
Step 3
Impact of the First World War – Economic Problems
Answer
The economic cost of the war was staggering, severely affecting the Russian economy. Inflation surged, and food shortages became widespread, frustrating the general populace.
By 1917, the inability of the Tsar's government to stabilize the economy contributed significantly to the February Revolution, as citizens faced stagnating living standards amidst increasing anger.
Step 4
Weaknesses of the Autocracy
Answer
Nicholas II's refusal to adapt to changing political circumstances led to further disenchantment. His reliance on traditional autocratic measures alienated various social classes. The inherent weaknesses within the autarchical system made it difficult for Nicholas to maintain control and effectively respond to the societal changes necessary for a stable governance.
Step 5
Broader Discontent and Other Factors
Answer
Dissatisfaction among the bourgeoisie and the working class played a crucial role. Workers suffered from poor working conditions and low wages, leading to strikes and protests by 1917. Additionally, the middle class began to voice their criticisms more openly, challenging Tsarist policies.
Peasant distress compounded the unrest, as agricultural failures led to food scarcity, prompting further rebellion against the regime.