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The execution of the king was the most important reason for the failure to find an alternative form of government, 1649-58 - Scottish Highers History - Question 21 - 2018
Question 21
The execution of the king was the most important reason for the failure to find an alternative form of government, 1649-58. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The execution of the king was the most important reason for the failure to find an alternative form of government, 1649-58 - Scottish Highers History - Question 21 - 2018
Step 1
Execution of the king
Answer
The execution of Charles I in 1649 marked a significant turning point in English history. It led to a radical shift in power dynamics, with Oliver Cromwell abolishing the monarchy and establishing the Commonwealth.
This action horrified many and resulted in a strong backlash from Royalists. The subsequent lack of a clear monarchical structure and the abolishment of the monarchy led to immense political instability, making coherent governance challenging. Cromwell's government faced criticism and rebellion, illustrating how the execution created a political vacuum that was difficult to fill effectively.
Step 2
Foreign issues
Answer
The period following the king's execution was also characterized by external threats, such as potential invasions from multiple fronts. Cromwell dealt with significant unrest in Ireland and Scotland, where Royalists and Catholics posed substantial challenges to his authority. These foreign issues further complicated the search for a stable alternative form of government, indicating that while the execution was crucial, it was not the sole reason for the failure to establish a new system.
Step 3
Role of the army
Answer
The army, particularly the New Model Army, played an essential role during this period. The influence of military leaders on political decisions often led to an unstable governance structure. The Rump Parliament faced extreme challenges from the army, which asserted its power, especially after the dissolution of the Long Parliament. This military dominance limited Cromwell's ability to pursue effective governance, showcasing how a powerful army undermined the establishment of a non-monarchical government.
Step 4
Cromwell's approach
Answer
Cromwell's diverse political strategies and character also contributed to the inability to find a new form of government. Although he was initially seen as a figure who might provide stability, his governance became increasingly dictatorial. His reliance on military power contrasted sharply with the ideals of parliamentary democracy. Cromwell's conservatism and controversial decisions alienated many potential supporters, illustrating that even a reformist approach was undermined by emerging autocratic tendencies.
Step 5
Legacy of civil war problems
Answer
The legacy of the English Civil War, including unresolved socio-political issues, significantly affected the quest for new governance models. Tensions persisted among different religious and political factions, and social unrest remained a constant threat. This environment made it difficult for any alternative form of government to gain widespread acceptance and legitimacy, reinforcing the notion that the execution of the king was influential, but intertwined with numerous other contributing factors.