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To what extent was the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan the main reason for the end of the Cold War? - Scottish Highers History - Question 56 - 2023
Question 56
To what extent was the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan the main reason for the end of the Cold War?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan the main reason for the end of the Cold War? - Scottish Highers History - Question 56 - 2023
Step 1
Evaluate the significance of the Soviet defeat in Afghanistan
Answer
The defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan had a profound symbolic impact on the Cold War. It signified a major military and political setback for the USSR, exposing the weaknesses of its military and leading to a decline in its influence globally. The prolonged conflict drained resources and morale, and contributed to disillusionment among Soviet citizens regarding the Communist regime. This shift was crucial in setting the stage for subsequent reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev.
Step 2
Analyze other contributing factors to the end of the Cold War
Answer
While the defeat in Afghanistan was significant, it was not the sole reason for the end of the Cold War. Key factors included Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring), which fostered greater freedom and transparency within the Soviet system. Additionally, the rise of nationalist movements in Eastern Europe and the subsequent fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 accelerated the collapse of communist regimes across the region, marking a shift towards democratization and the reduction of East-West tensions.
Step 3
Consider the broader geopolitical context
Answer
The end of the Cold War was also influenced by broader geopolitical changes, including the economic strains faced by the Soviet Union, competition with the Western powers, and the influence of non-violent movements advocating for change in Eastern Europe. The diplomatic engagements, arms reduction agreements, and changing alliances also played a critical role in ending the stalemate between the superpowers, suggesting a multifaceted drivers for this historical shift.