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How important was the influence of the Enlightenment as a reason for the French Revolution in 1789? - Scottish Highers History - Question 23 - 2019
Question 23
How important was the influence of the Enlightenment as a reason for the French Revolution in 1789?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was the influence of the Enlightenment as a reason for the French Revolution in 1789? - Scottish Highers History - Question 23 - 2019
Step 1
Contextualizing the Enlightenment's Influence
Answer
The Enlightenment played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual landscape leading up to the French Revolution. Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau challenged traditional views of monarchy and advocated for democratic principles, individual rights, and rational governance. This philosophical framework undermined the authority of the Ancien Régime and encouraged revolutionary sentiments among the populace.
Step 2
Financial Problems of the Ancien Régime
Answer
The financial difficulties faced by the Ancien Régime intensified the call for change. The government's debt, exacerbated by the funding of wars such as the American Revolution, strained the economy. These economic issues were frequently highlighted by Enlightenment philosophers, who argued for fiscal reform and the equitable distribution of taxes.
Step 3
The Crisis of 1788-1789
Answer
The crisis during these years further revealed the inadequacies of the existing system. As food prices soared and the economy faltered, dissatisfaction among the lower classes grew. The Enlightenment's emphasis on liberty and equality resonated with those who felt oppressed, ultimately bridging the gap between philosophical ideas and the socio-economic reality of common people.
Step 4
Actions of Louis XVI and Enlightenment's Role
Answer
The actions taken by Louis XVI, including the summoning of the Estates-General, demonstrated an inability to address the urgent financial and social needs of the country. The Enlightenment ideas inspired the Third Estate to demand representation and changes, highlighting the growing influence of Enlightenment thought in political mobilization.
Step 5
Concluding the Significance of the Enlightenment
Answer
In conclusion, the influence of the Enlightenment was crucial in framing the ideological environment that underpinned the French Revolution. While economic and political factors were key drivers, it was the Enlightenment's challenge to absolute authority and advocacy for egalitarianism that provided the philosophical foundation for revolutionary action.