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To what extent was the role of Louis XVI the main reason for the failure of constitutional monarchy, up to 1792? - Scottish Highers History - Question 30 - 2022
Question 30
To what extent was the role of Louis XVI the main reason for the failure of constitutional monarchy, up to 1792?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the role of Louis XVI the main reason for the failure of constitutional monarchy, up to 1792? - Scottish Highers History - Question 30 - 2022
Step 1
Role of Louis XVI
Answer
Louis XVI played a significant role in the failure of constitutional monarchy due to his reluctance to embrace necessary reforms. He resisted tax reforms, which were crucial for stabilizing the economy, as seen in the Estates General of 1789. Furthermore, his signaling of intent to restore his absolute power, particularly after promising to uphold the Declaration of the Rights of Man, sparked fears of a counter-revolution that destabilized the constitutional order.
Step 2
Role of the National Assembly
Answer
The National Assembly's actions, such as the Assembly's declaration in August 1792, were pivotal. The Assembly aimed to distance itself from Louis XVI by abolishing the monarchy. The refusal of the King to collaborate with the assembly further exacerbated tensions, signaling a breakdown of trust necessary for a constitutional monarchy to thrive.
Step 3
Outbreaks of War
Answer
The external threats posed by war contributed to the instability of the constitutional monarchy. France's involvement in conflicts following the Revolution incited fears of invasion, which prompted Louis's indecisiveness. His hesitation to effectively mobilize the nation for defense reinforced the perception that he could not lead during times of crisis, thereby undermining the monarchy.
Step 4
Other Factors
Answer
Other significant factors include the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the influence of the clergy against the revolutionary changes. The split within the Catholic Church and the resulting conflict weakened the monarchy's support base. Additionally, the actions of the Jacobins and other revolutionary factions actively worked against Louis XVI's authority, making the establishment of a constitutional monarchy increasingly difficult.