The diagram represents a mitochondrion from a cell - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2022
Question 6
The diagram represents a mitochondrion from a cell.
(a) (i) Name the region of the mitochondrion labelled X.
(ii) Name the stage of respiration that occurs at the ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram represents a mitochondrion from a cell - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2022
Step 1
(i) Name the region of the mitochondrion labelled X.
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Answer
The region of the mitochondrion labelled X is called the matrix.
Step 2
(ii) Name the stage of respiration that occurs at the inner membrane.
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The stage of respiration that occurs at the inner membrane is the electron transport chain.
Step 3
(iii) Explain why this mitochondrion can synthesise proteins.
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This mitochondrion can synthesise proteins because it contains ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis. Additionally, it has its own DNA, allowing it to produce the necessary mRNA to facilitate protein translation.
Step 4
(i) Suggest why muscle is one of the main tissues affected by mitochondrial disease.
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Muscle tissue is one of the main tissues affected by mitochondrial disease because it contains numerous mitochondria that are essential for energy production required for muscle contraction.
Step 5
(ii) Name the type of muscle fibre most likely to be affected by mitochondrial disease.
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The type of muscle fibre most likely to be affected by mitochondrial disease is the slow twitch fibre.
Step 6
(iii) Explain why some individuals with mitochondrial disease are unable to carry out endurance activities such as long distance running.
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Some individuals with mitochondrial disease are unable to carry out endurance activities because their mitochondria do not produce enough ATP, which is necessary for sustained energy output in muscle during prolonged activities.
Step 7
(c) Suggest the function of this enzyme in unaffected individuals.
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In unaffected individuals, this enzyme functions to convert pyruvate into acetyl/acetyl CoA, which is critical for cellular respiration and energy production.
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