Some individuals have allergies, which mean they cannot receive certain vaccines - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 23 - 2022
Question 23
Some individuals have allergies, which mean they cannot receive certain vaccines. These individuals may benefit from vaccination programmes through:
A. herd immunit... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Some individuals have allergies, which mean they cannot receive certain vaccines - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 23 - 2022
Step 1
A. herd immunity
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Answer
Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infections, thereby providing indirect protection to susceptible individuals. Individuals with allergies cannot receive certain vaccines but benefit from herd immunity since it reduces the spread of infectious diseases and protects those who are vulnerable.
Step 2
B. antigenic variation
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Antigenic variation refers to the changes in the antigens of pathogens, which can evade immune responses. This concept isn't directly related to helping individuals with allergies benefit from vaccination programs.
Step 3
C. non-specific immunity
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Non-specific immunity refers to the general defense mechanisms that do not confer long-lasting immunity. While it is important, it does not directly connect to how vaccinated individuals can provide benefits to those with allergies.
Step 4
D. personalised medicine
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Personalised medicine tailors medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. While relevant in healthcare, it does not directly apply to the benefit that individuals with allergies derive from vaccination programs.
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