Olfactory genes code for receptors in the nose that detect smells - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 3 - 2018
Question 3
Olfactory genes code for receptors in the nose that detect smells.
The base sequences from the same region of a rat olfactory gene and a human olfactory gene are sh... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Olfactory genes code for receptors in the nose that detect smells - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 3 - 2018
Step 1
Name the type of single gene mutation that has occurred to change the human base sequence.
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Answer
Deletion
Step 2
Suggest why the changed sequence of bases in the human gene codes for a non-functional protein.
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Answer
The order or sequence of amino acids would change due to the deletion, altering protein synthesis. The protein may also be shorter due to the presence of a stop codon.
Step 3
State the term which describes the comparison of human genome sequence data with the genomes of other species.
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Answer
Systematics
Step 4
Express, as a simple whole number ratio, the number of functional olfactory genes found in the animals.
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15 : 5 : 1
Step 5
Suggest what the number of functional olfactory genes indicates about the sense of smell of these animals.
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Answer
The more functional olfactory genes an animal has, the better its sense of smell. Thus, rats have the best sense of smell due to the highest number of genes, followed by humans, and then chickens.
Step 6
Describe two chromosome structure mutations and the overall consequence of these to the individual.
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Deletion: This mutation results in the loss of a part of a chromosome, potentially leading to loss of genes, which can cause genetic disorders.
Duplication: This mutation involves the repeat of a part of a chromosome, which can lead to an overexpression of certain genes, potentially causing developmental issues or disorders.
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