The graph shows the number of cases of cervical cancer in females of different ages in the UK in one year - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 13 - 2022
Question 13
The graph shows the number of cases of cervical cancer in females of different ages in the UK in one year. It also shows the death rate from cervical cancer at each ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The graph shows the number of cases of cervical cancer in females of different ages in the UK in one year - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 13 - 2022
Step 1
Use data from the graph to describe changes that occur in the number of cases of cervical cancer from the ages of 20–29 to 90–99.
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Answer
As age increases from 20–29 to 30–39, the number of cases increases from 24 to 38 per 100,000, an increase of 14 per 100,000. Then from 30–39 to 90–99, the number of cases decreases significantly, reaching 8 per 100,000.
Step 2
Calculate the decrease in death rate from 80–89 to 90–99 years.
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Answer
The death rate decreases from 4.5 to 1.0 per 100,000, resulting in a decrease of 3.5 per 100,000.
Step 3
Suggest a reason for the decrease in the death rate from cervical cancer between ages 80–89 and 90–99.
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Answer
Many females with cervical cancer may have died by/before this age. Additionally, there are generally fewer cases among older females due to decreased incidence.
Step 4
Express, as a simple whole number ratio, the number of cases compared to death rate at ages 30–39.
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Answer
The ratio of the number of cases to the death rate at ages 30–39 is 19:2.
Step 5
Explain how these secondary tumours occur.
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Secondary tumours occur when cancer cells break away from the original tumour and spread to other parts of the body, attaching to other organs.
Step 6
Use information from the graph to suggest why females are given the vaccine when they are teenagers.
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Answer
Vaccine is administered to prevent the HPV virus, which is commonly associated with cervical cancer, especially for those in age brackets that are at risk or after the teenage years.
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