Data from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics is used to indicate how a woman’s age can affect the success rate of IVF - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 7 - 2019
Question 7
Data from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics is used to indicate how a woman’s age can affect the success rate of IVF.
(a) The graph shows the effect of age on pr... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Data from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics is used to indicate how a woman’s age can affect the success rate of IVF - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 7 - 2019
Step 1
State one similarity and one difference in the trends for pregnancy and birth rate.
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Answer
Similarity: Both the pregnancy rate and the birth rate increase up to the age of 28 years.
Difference: The pregnancy rate is always higher than the birth rate.
Step 2
Calculate how many 34 year old women in a sample of 1000 would be predicted to get pregnant using IVF.
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Answer
From the graph, the pregnancy rate for 34-year-old women is approximately 35%. Thus, in a sample of 1000 women:
extNumberofpregnancies=1000×0.35=350
So, 350 women would be predicted to get pregnant.
Step 3
Using data in the table and graph, calculate the difference in birth rate for women aged 38 when using donor eggs rather than their own eggs.
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Answer
From the table, the birth rate for women aged 38 using donor eggs is 54% and for their own eggs, it is 48%.
The difference is:
54%−48%=6%
Thus, the difference in birth rate is 6%.
Step 4
Suggest why older women undergoing IVF are more likely to produce a child when using donor eggs rather than their own eggs.
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Older women are more likely to produce a child using donor eggs because the eggs from younger donors are generally healthier and have a higher quality than those from older women, which may be impacted by age-related factors.
Step 5
Explain why PGD is offered to some women.
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PGD is offered to identify genetic diseases or chromosome abnormalities in embryos before implantation. This helps in selecting healthy embryos, thereby reducing the risk of genetic disorders in the child.
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