A student carries out an experiment to determine the EMF and internal resistance of a battery using the circuit shown - Scottish Highers Physics - Question 21 - 2023

To find the EMF and internal resistance from the graph, we first identify the characteristics of the graph presented. The y-intercept of the linear graph gives the EMF, which is represented by the voltage ($V'$) when the current ($I$) is zero. The slope of the line, which can be calculated from two points on the graph, represents the negative internal resistance of the battery. From careful observation, if the y-intercept is $6.0 V$ and upon substituting values into the equation of the line, we find that the slope corresponds to an internal resistance of $1.0 Ω$. Thus, the values match option E, which includes an EMF of $6.0 V$ and an internal resistance of $1.0 Ω$.