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Evaluate Dement and Kleitman’s (1957) study of sleep and dreams. - Scottish Highers Psychology - Question c - 2023
Question c
Evaluate Dement and Kleitman’s (1957) study of sleep and dreams.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Evaluate Dement and Kleitman’s (1957) study of sleep and dreams. - Scottish Highers Psychology - Question c - 2023
Step 1
Evaluate the Sample
Answer
Dement and Kleitman conducted their study with a small sample of only 9 participants. This limits the generalizability of the results, as conclusions drawn from such a small group may not accurately reflect the broader population's sleep and dreaming patterns. Research with a larger, more diverse sample would enhance the validity of the findings.
Step 2
Assess Methodology
Answer
The study utilized a sleep laboratory where participants were monitored in controlled conditions. This setting provided a highly controlled environment for observing sleep cycles, especially REM sleep. However, external factors such as the lab's artificial environment might have affected participants' natural sleep behavior.
Step 3
Discuss Findings
Answer
The results indicated a correlation between REM sleep and reported dreams, suggesting that REM sleep plays a significant role in dreaming. These findings are valuable in understanding the physiological aspects of dreams, but they rely heavily on subjective reports from participants, which may be prone to bias.
Step 4
Consider Ecological Validity
Answer
One significant limitation is ecological validity, as the sleep laboratory conditions may not reflect typical sleeping environments. This raises questions about whether the sleep and dreaming behaviors observed would be consistent in a more natural setting.