Case Study → Changing Climates, The Amazon Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level Edexcel Geography

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Case Study → Changing Climates, The Amazon

Context

● The forest acts as a global and regional regulatorm pumping 20 bn metric tonnes of
water into the atmosphere daily, 3 bn more than the River Amazon discharges to the
ocean
● The forest's uniform humidity lowers atmospheric pressure, allowing moisture from
the Atlantic ocean to reach further inland than areas w/out forest coverage
● Rain bearing winds travel W until deflected by the Andes and normally transport
moisture S sto Buenos Aires and E to Sao Paulo

Change in Climate

● Since 1990, a more extreme cycle of drought and floods has developed in Amazonia,
w/ a wetter rainy season, linked to shifts in the Inter-tropical convergence Zone)
● Rainfall has ↓ downwind of deforested areas, w/ Sae Paulo suffering a water crisis
● Severe droughts in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2016 has increased stress which was
already high due to decades of deforestation
○ 2005 drought damaged 30% of the forest
○ 2010 many areas still vulnerable, 50% of forest affected
■ During droughts, less CO2 absorbed and greater decomposition of
dead biomass = increased CO2 emissions • approx 13 bn tonnes
during 2005 & 2010 droughts)

Impacts

A Drier Amazon means that the rainforest is close to becoming a net carbon emitter rather than a major carbon sink

                                                     Climate change Amazon regions*

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