Types of Attachment: Secure, Insecure-avoidant and Insecure-resistant Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level OCR Psychology

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3.4.2 Types of Attachment: Secure, Insecure-avoidant and Insecure-resistant

Types of attachment

Children can display different attachment styles with their caregivers meaning that the display different patterns of feelings, behaviours and expectations towards their caregivers

Secure attachments
Insecure avoidant attachments
Insecure resistant attachments
Secure attachments: Caregivers show high sensitive responsiveness - children form close relationships with their caregivers and learn that they can trust them

Happy to explore but use their caregiver as a safe base
Display high stranger anxiety
Display high separation anxiety
Display happy reunion behaviour Form happy, healthy relationships when older

Insecure resistant attachments: Caregivers show inconsistent sensitive responsiveness (variable behaviour) - caregiver's love is conditional, so infants become needy and attention-seeking to gain their caregiver's attention

Unwilling to explore and don't use their caregiver as a safe base
Display high stranger anxiety
Display high separation anxiety
Display angry reunion behaviour Form clingy, unstable relationships when older

Insecure avoidant attachments: Caregivers show low sensitive responsiveness - children learn that they can't depend on their caregivers so become indifferent to them

Happy to explore without using their caregiver as a safe base
Displays low stranger anxiety
Displays low separation anxiety Struggle to form relationships later on in life

infoNote

Bowlby referred to the idea of attachment styles remaining consistent as the continuity hypothesis

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Types of Attachment

Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’