Anita and Me is semi-autobiographical, drawing on author Meera Syal's own experiences growing up as a British-Indian girl in the Midlands during the 1960s. This period was marked by significant social and cultural change in Britain, including the rise of multiculturalism and the challenges faced by immigrant communities integrating into British society. This context is crucial in the novel as Meena's struggle with her cultural identity reflects the broader experience of many immigrants at the time, torn between their heritage and the desire to fit into British society.

The novel reflects the tensions between traditional Indian values and the Western lifestyle, as seen in Meena's struggle to balance her Indian heritage with her desire to fit into her English surroundings. These cultural tensions are central to Meena's internal conflict throughout the novel, influencing her relationship with both her family and her peers, especially her friendship with Anita.

Syal also highlights the casual racism and prejudice that were common during this time, illustrating how these attitudes affected both the immigrant and working-class white communities. This is evident in the novel through the prejudiced attitudes Meena encounters in the village, which play a key role in her evolving understanding of identity and belonging.

The book also touches on the generational divide between immigrant parents, who are keen to preserve their cultural traditions, and their children, who are trying to navigate a new cultural landscape. This divide is clearly portrayed in Meena's relationship with her parents, who embody traditional Indian values, while Meena is drawn to the freedoms of the Western world, creating a central conflict in the story.