Last Updated Sep 26, 2025

Changes of State Simplified Revision Notes for GCSE AQA Physics Combined Science

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3.1.4 Changes of State

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Mass is conserved during a change of state. If 20g of liquid evaporates, the gas produced will also weigh 20g

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These physical changes are reversible, and not chemical changes They are not chemical because the material retains its original properties when reversed

Graph of Changes of State

• Temperature vs. Time:
• Solid: Heating up to the melting point
• Melting: Transition from solid to liquid
• Liquid: Heating up to boiling point
• Boiling: Transition from liquid to gas
• Gas: Heating up further

Evaporation

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The liquid turns into a gas, but only on the surface of the liquid. Only the particles on the surface have enough energy to turn into a gas.

Table of Changes of State Processes

Process	From State	To State	Description
Melting	Solid	Liquid	Solid to Liquid
Freezing	Liquid	Solid	Liquid to Solid
Boiling	Liquid	Gas	Liquid to Gas
Condensation	Gas	Liquid	Gas to Liquid
Sublimation	Solid	Gas	Solid to Gas
Deposition	Gas	Solid	Gas to Solid

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