The Haber Process is an industrial method used to produce ammonia, which is a key ingredient in various products, particularly fertilisers. This process exploits the equilibrium between nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, and ammonia.

What is the Haber Process? The Haber Process, named after Fritz Haber, involves the formation of ammonia from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) gases. During the process:

• Nitrogen and hydrogen gases are fed into a reactor.
• The gases are passed over iron catalysts, which accelerate the reaction and help the system reach equilibrium more quickly.
• The forward reaction in this equilibrium produces ammonia (NH₃), which can be liquefied, collected, and used in various applications.

Since the reaction is reversible, hydrogen and nitrogen gases are also continually produced by the reverse reaction. Instead of being wasted, these gases are recycled back into the reactor to form more ammonia.