Ionic lattice

Overview:

• Ionic compounds are made up of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) held together in a three-dimensional structure called an "ionic lattice."
• The ionic lattice is responsible for the unique properties of ionic compounds.

High Melting and Boiling Points:

• Ionic compounds have exceptionally high melting and boiling points.
• This is because the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in the lattice are very strong, requiring a significant amount of energy to break these bonds.

Electrical Conductivity:

• Ionic compounds conduct electricity, but only when they are molten (in a liquid state) or in a solution.
• In the solid state, the ions in the lattice are held in fixed positions and cannot move, making the compound a non-conductor of electricity.
• When molten or dissolved, the ions become free to move and carry an electrical charge.

Key Characteristics of Ionic Lattice:

• Three-dimensional arrangement of cations and anions.
• High melting and boiling points due to strong ionic bonds.
• Conductivity in the molten or dissolved state.
• Brittle nature - ionic compounds tend to shatter when subjected to mechanical stress due to the arrangement of ions.

Importance:

• Understanding the ionic lattice helps explain the physical properties of ionic compounds and their behaviour when heated or dissolved.
• It is a fundamental concept in chemistry and has practical applications in various industries, including materials science and metallurgy.