Terpenes

Introduction:

• Terpenes are crucial components found in many essential oils.
• They play a significant role in providing various fruit and floral flavours and aromas.

Types of Terpenes

• Terpenes come in different forms:
  • Hydrocarbons: Some terpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • Oxygen-Containing Terpenes: Others contain oxygen atoms and belong to a group called terpenoids. These can be alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes.

Examples of Oxygen-Containing Terpenes (Terpenoids)

• Terpenoids are a subset of terpenes that contain oxygen atoms in their chemical structure. They include:
  • Alcohols: Terpenes that have an -OH (hydroxyl) group.
  • Ketones: Terpenes that contain a carbonyl group (C=O).
  • Aldehydes: Terpenes with a carbonyl group at the end of their carbon chain (CHO).

Role in Aromas and Flavours

• Terpenes contribute to the unique scents and tastes found in various plants, fruits, and flowers.
• They are responsible for the distinctive aromas and flavours of a wide range of natural products.

Oxidation in Plants

• Within plants, terpenes can undergo oxidation processes.
• These oxidised terpenes can give rise to compounds that play a crucial role in creating the characteristic aroma of spices and other plant-based materials.

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Terpenes

Conclusion:

• Terpenes are essential components found in many essential oils, contributing to their diverse scents and flavours.
• They can be hydrocarbons or oxygen-containing terpenoids like alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes.
• Terpenes are involved in the formation of characteristic aromas and flavours in a variety of natural substances.
• Within plants, terpenes can be oxidised to create compounds that enhance the aroma of spices and other plant-based products.