Background Information

Addressing Poverty and Improving Lives

Introduction

In the early 1900s, poverty was rampant in Britain. Overcrowded, expensive housing and inadequate sanitation contributed to the spread of diseases. In Scottish cities, one-roomed houses known as "single ends" lacked indoor toilets.

Poverty in Britain

Poverty was widespread, characterized by overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions. High rents placed a heavy burden on families.

Employment Problems

Many workers earned low wages, especially in low-skilled jobs. Job insecurity was rampant as it was easy to replace workers, often forcing people to work even when sick. Seasonal work exacerbated financial instability.

Children's Lives

Children faced particularly difficult lives. The Infant Mortality Rate was shockingly high, with around one in five children not surviving their first year. Children often suffered from hunger and illness due to their families' poverty.

Government Help

Before 1906, government assistance for those in poverty was minimal. The prevailing laissez-faire approach meant the government did not actively intervene in social problems.

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Background Information

Liberal Reforms

In 1906, the Liberal Party assumed power in Britain and embarked on a series of far-reaching reforms to combat poverty. These reforms included the introduction of free school meals, pensions, unemployment benefits, and sick pay.

Conclusion

The early 1900s marked a pivotal period in Britain's approach to poverty and social welfare. The Liberal Reforms aimed to alleviate the suffering of the impoverished, offering vital support and ameliorating the hardships faced by families and children.