Background information

Reforms: Reasons for Implementation

Background of Reforms:

In the early 1900s, Britain faced several societal issues that highlighted the need for reforms.

Poverty:

• The early 1900s saw rampant poverty in Britain.
• Overcrowded homes with high rents were common, contributing to the spread of diseases.
• Single ends, prevalent in Scottish cities, were one-roomed houses, typically lacking indoor toilets.

Employment Issues:

• A significant portion of the working population received meager wages from low-skilled jobs.
• Due to the nature of these jobs, workers were easily replaceable, leading many to work even when ill.
• Seasonal employment meant irregular income, causing financial instability for workers.

Children's Well-being:

• Children faced particularly harsh conditions.
• The Infant Mortality Rate was notably high, with one in five children dying before their first birthday.
• Due to widespread poverty, many children experienced hunger and illness.

Limited Government Intervention:

• Before 1906, the British government provided minimal assistance to the impoverished.
• The prevailing 'laissez faire' attitude meant the government was reluctant to address poverty directly.

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Background information

The Workhouse System:

• Often the last resort for destitute individuals, the Workhouse (or the Poor House in Scotland) was dreaded by many.
• It was a matter of significant embarrassment to seek help from these institutions.
• Inside, conditions were challenging: food was monotonous and of poor quality; families were separated; working hours were long, and discipline, often involving violence, was strict.

Introduction of Liberal Reforms:

• By 1906, the Liberal Party helmed the British government and recognized the need for change.
• They introduced various reforms to address poverty, such as free school meals, pensions, unemployment benefits, and sick pay.

Conclusion

The early 20th century in Britain was marked by significant challenges, especially concerning poverty and unemployment. Recognizing these issues, the Liberal Party, once in power, initiated reforms to improve the living conditions of the British populace.