Wallace, Murray, and Scottish Resistance

Introduction

The Scottish Wars of Independence, spanning from 1249 to 1328, were a defining period in Scotland's history. This era witnessed Scotland's fight for autonomy against English domination, led notably by William Wallace and Andrew Murray. This note set aims to elucidate their roles, their efforts to combat English rule, and other significant instances of Scottish rebellion.

Edward's Control and English Rule

• King Edward aimed to extend control over Scotland.
• John de Warrene became the Lieutenant of Scotland, responsible for maintaining order.
• English judges and sheriffs were appointed, often lacking knowledge of Scots law or language.

Bruce, Wishart, and Steward's Rebellion

• Bruce, Bishop Wishart, and Steward organized an army against the English.
• Lord Percy challenged the Scots at Irvine, leading to the Scots' surrender.
• Historians debate whether this rebellion was a gesture, and Wallace's involvement.

Andrew Murray's Resistance

• Andrew Murray, a supporter of King John Balliol, led resistance in the north.
• After escaping captivity, Murray attacked English-controlled locations, starting with Urquhart Castle.
• He seized control of various castles, including Inverness, Aberdeen, and Dundee.

William Wallace's Legend

• William Wallace's legend is partly shaped by the fifteenth-century poem "The Wallace" by Blind Harry.
• Historians debate the poem's accuracy, including Wallace's early life and his alleged wife's murder.

---

Wallace, Murray, and the resistance

Wallace's Background and Outlaw Status

• Wallace was likely born in the 1270s in Elderslie near Glasgow.
• After killing the Sheriff of Lanark, William Heselrig, in 1297, Wallace became an outlaw.
• He attracted followers and engaged in small-scale attacks on the English with support from some Scottish nobles.

Collaboration and Siege of Dundee Castle

• Some historians suggest Wallace may have been collaborating with more powerful Scottish forces.
• Wallace laid siege to English-controlled Dundee Castle and was joined by Andrew Murray.
• Their armies marched to Perth and then Stirling to confront the English forces.

Conclusion

The period of Scottish resistance against English rule, led by figures like Andrew Murray and William Wallace, witnessed numerous rebellions and challenges to English authority, shaping the legends of these figures in Scottish history.