ATP Synthesis

Introduction to ATP Synthesis

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis is the process by which cells generate ATP, the primary molecule for storing and transferring energy within cells.

Electron Transport Chain: Releasing Energy

In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed along a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Energy Release and Hydrogen Ion Pumping

Energy Release

As electrons are transported through the chain, they release energy.

Hydrogen Ion Pumping

This energy is utilised to pump hydrogen ions (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

ATP Synthase: ATP Production

Flow of Hydrogen Ions

The flow of these pumped hydrogen ions back through a membrane protein called ATP synthase results in the production of ATP.

Water Formation: Combining Hydrogen Ion & Electron with Oxygen

At the end of the electron transport chain, hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O).

Summary