a) Explain the following terms: (i) Alleles, (ii) Clone, (iii) Hybrid vigour - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 13 - 2011
Question 13
a) Explain the following terms: (i) Alleles, (ii) Clone, (iii) Hybrid vigour.
b) In barley the allele for six-row ear type (S) is dominant over the allele for two-r... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) Explain the following terms: (i) Alleles, (ii) Clone, (iii) Hybrid vigour - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 13 - 2011
Step 1
Explain the following terms: (i) Alleles
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Answer
Alleles are defined as different forms of the same gene. Each gene can have several variants called alleles, which can influence the characteristics exhibited by an organism.
Step 2
Explain the following terms: (ii) Clone
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A clone refers to a group of cells or organisms that are genetically identical. This means that they have the same genotype and are exact copies of a single parent cell or organism.
Step 3
Explain the following terms: (iii) Hybrid vigour
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Hybrid vigour is a characteristic observed in the superior offspring that result from a cross between two dissimilar parents. This often leads to increased growth, yield, or resilience compared to the parent strains.
Step 4
In barley the allele...: The genotypes of the original parents
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The genotypes of the original parents are S<S>* and s<s>*.
Step 5
In barley the allele...: The gametes produced by each plant
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The gametes produced by each plant are S* from the SS plant and s* from the ss plant.
Step 6
In barley the allele...: The genotype of the offspring (F1)
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The genotype of the offspring (F1) is S<s>.
Step 7
In barley the allele...: The phenotype of offspring (F1)
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The phenotype of the offspring (F1) is six-row ear type.
Step 8
In barley the allele...: The genotype of the second generation parents
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Answer
The genotypes of the second generation parents are S<s>* and S<s>*.
Step 9
In barley the allele...: The gametes produced by each parent
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The gametes produced by each parent are S* and s* from both S<s>* parents.
Step 10
In barley the allele...: The genotypes of the second generation (F2)
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The genotypes of the second generation (F2) are S<S>, S<s>, and s<s>.
Step 11
In barley the allele...: The phenotypes of the second generation (F2)
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The phenotypes of the second generation (F2) are six-row ear type, six-row ear type, and two-row ear type.
Step 12
In your answer book show...: (i) the genotypes of the parents
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The genotypes of the parents are S<s>* (two-row ear type) and S<s>* (F1 individual).
Step 13
In your answer book show...: (ii) the genotypes of the gametes
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The genotypes of the gametes are S* and s*.
Step 14
In your answer book show...: (iii) the genotypes and the phenotypes of the offspring of the cross
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Answer
The genotypes of the offspring of the cross are S<S> and S<s>. The phenotypes are six-row ear type and two-row ear type.
Step 15
Mitosis and meiosis are two types...: (i) Which diagram, A or B, represents meiosis?
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Diagram B represents meiosis.
Step 16
Mitosis and meiosis are two types...: (ii) Which diagram has haploid cells?
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Diagram B has haploid cells.
Step 17
Mitosis and meiosis are two types...: (iii) What is the main difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell?
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The main difference is that a haploid cell has half the number of chromosomes (n) as compared to a diploid cell, which has pairs of chromosomes (2n).
Step 18
Mitosis and meiosis are two types...: (iv) Where in an animal's body would you expect to find haploid cells?
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Haploid cells are expected to be found in the ovaries, testes, or gonads of animals.
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