2.1 The diagram below shows part of a process involved in the production of a protein - English General - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 2
2.1 The diagram below shows part of a process involved in the production of a protein.
The group of nitrogenous bases
2.1.1 Identify:
(a) Molecule Y
(b) The gro... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:2.1 The diagram below shows part of a process involved in the production of a protein - English General - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Identify:
(a) Molecule Y
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Answer
Molecule Y is tRNA (transfer RNA).
Step 2
(b) The group of nitrogenous bases Z
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Answer
The group of nitrogenous bases Z is UGG.
Step 3
If X is the next amino acid required after W, then identify:
(a) Nitrogenous bases 1, 2 and 3
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Answer
The nitrogenous bases 1, 2, and 3 are U, C, and A respectively.
Step 4
(b) The DNA base triplet that codes for X
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The DNA base triplet that codes for X is TGG.
Step 5
Name and describe the type of dominance shown by cross 4.
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Answer
The type of dominance shown by cross 4 is co-dominance. This occurs when both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype of the organism, resulting in the expression of both traits.
Step 6
Which shell colour is controlled by the recessive allele?
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The shell colour controlled by the recessive allele is black.
Step 7
Use information in the table to support your answer to QUESTION 2.3.2.
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Information from the table shows that in all crosses, the offspring that displayed a black shell phenotype only appear when both parents are either black or an allele is present across other phenotype cross-breeds.
Step 8
Which phenotype is dominant?
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The dominant phenotype is spotted.
Step 9
Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1.
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The spotted offspring produced are three times more than the offspring without spots, indicating that spotted is the dominant phenotype.
Step 10
Expected genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation.
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Answer
The genetic cross can be represented as:
P1:
Phenotype: Spotted x No spots
Genotype: Dd x dd
Meiosis:
Gametes:
D d
---------------------
D | Dd | d
---------------------
d | Dd | dd
F1:
Phenotype: (2) spotted : (2) without spots
Step 11
Identify the independent variable in this investigation.
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The independent variable is the type of antibiotic used.
Step 12
Identify TWO factors that should be kept constant during the investigation.
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The age of the piglets.
The amount of antibiotic administered.
Step 13
State TWO ways in which the scientists ensured the reliability of the investigation.
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Conducting the investigation over six months to observe consistency.
Using a large sample size of 100 piglets.
Step 14
Which antibiotic will you recommend for controlling E. coli in piglets?
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I would recommend antibiotic B for controlling E. coli in piglets.
Step 15
Answer your question to QUESTION 2.5.4 using evidence in the graph.
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The graph shows that the average percentage resistance of E. coli to antibiotic B is lower compared to antibiotic A.
Step 16
Explain the results that are shown in the graph for antibiotic A in terms of natural resistance.
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Answer
The results indicate that there is variation in the population of E. coli, with some strains developing resistance to antibiotic A while others do not.
