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2.1 The diagram below shows part of a process involved in the production of a protein - English General - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 2

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2.1 The diagram below shows part of a process involved in the production of a protein. The group of nitrogenous bases 2.1.1 Identify: (a) Molecule Y (b) The gro... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:2.1 The diagram below shows part of a process involved in the production of a protein - English General - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 2

Step 1

Identify: (a) Molecule Y

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Answer

Molecule Y is tRNA (transfer RNA).

Step 2

(b) The group of nitrogenous bases Z

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Answer

The group of nitrogenous bases Z is UGG.

Step 3

If X is the next amino acid required after W, then identify: (a) Nitrogenous bases 1, 2 and 3

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Answer

The nitrogenous bases 1, 2, and 3 are U, C, and A respectively.

Step 4

(b) The DNA base triplet that codes for X

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Answer

The DNA base triplet that codes for X is TGG.

Step 5

Name and describe the type of dominance shown by cross 4.

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Answer

The type of dominance shown by cross 4 is co-dominance. This occurs when both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype of the organism, resulting in the expression of both traits.

Step 6

Which shell colour is controlled by the recessive allele?

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Answer

The shell colour controlled by the recessive allele is black.

Step 7

Use information in the table to support your answer to QUESTION 2.3.2.

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Answer

Information from the table shows that in all crosses, the offspring that displayed a black shell phenotype only appear when both parents are either black or an allele is present across other phenotype cross-breeds.

Step 8

Which phenotype is dominant?

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Answer

The dominant phenotype is spotted.

Step 9

Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1.

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Answer

The spotted offspring produced are three times more than the offspring without spots, indicating that spotted is the dominant phenotype.

Step 10

Expected genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation.

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Answer

The genetic cross can be represented as:

P1:
Phenotype: Spotted x No spots
Genotype: Dd x dd

Meiosis:

Gametes:
D  d
---------------------
D | Dd |  d  
---------------------
 d | Dd |  dd

F1: Phenotype: (2) spotted : (2) without spots

Step 11

Identify the independent variable in this investigation.

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Answer

The independent variable is the type of antibiotic used.

Step 12

Identify TWO factors that should be kept constant during the investigation.

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Answer

  1. The age of the piglets.
  2. The amount of antibiotic administered.

Step 13

State TWO ways in which the scientists ensured the reliability of the investigation.

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Answer

  1. Conducting the investigation over six months to observe consistency.
  2. Using a large sample size of 100 piglets.

Step 14

Which antibiotic will you recommend for controlling E. coli in piglets?

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Answer

I would recommend antibiotic B for controlling E. coli in piglets.

Step 15

Answer your question to QUESTION 2.5.4 using evidence in the graph.

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Answer

The graph shows that the average percentage resistance of E. coli to antibiotic B is lower compared to antibiotic A.

Step 16

Explain the results that are shown in the graph for antibiotic A in terms of natural resistance.

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Answer

The results indicate that there is variation in the population of E. coli, with some strains developing resistance to antibiotic A while others do not.

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