Finishing (Junior Cert Wood Technology): Revision Notes

Wood Finishing

Introduction

• Enhances wood surfaces for both appearance and durability.
• Shields wooden items from daily damage and wear.

Definitions

• Sealing: First step to protect against moisture and stains.
• Polishing: Creates a smooth, shiny surface after sealing.
• Buffing: Adds final shine and smoothness.
• Varnish: A clear finish that provides protection.
• Lacquer: Quick-drying finish that leaves a hard, glossy surface.

Types of Finishing

Various finishes impact woodturning differently:

• Varnish: Glossy and durable, perfect for outdoor use.
• Shellac: Easy to apply, moderately durable, for decor.
• Lacquer: Dries fast, providing a strong, glossy finish.
• Oil Finishes: Show wood grain, common for bowls and decor.
• Wax: Gives a satin finish, used for less frequent use.

Comparison of Finishes

Finish Type	Gloss Level	Drying Time	Durability	Ease of Application
Varnish	Variable	Slow	High	Moderate
Shellac	Glossy	Fast	Moderate	Easy
Lacquer	High Gloss	Very Fast	Moderate	Moderate
Oil Finish	Low	Moderate	High	Easy
Wax	Satin	Fast	Low	Easy

Infographic on Types of Applied Finishes

Finishing Techniques

Application steps for finishes:

1. Sealing:
   Note

   Clean surface; apply sealant with a lint-free cloth. Allow to dry, then sand lightly.

2. Polishing:
   • Use micro-mesh or fine sandpaper for high shine.
3. Buffing:
   • Choose manual for detail or power buffing for speed and even finish.

Safety and Precautions

Follow these safety tips when using finishes:

• Wear protective gear: gloves, masks, goggles.
• Ensure good air flow, especially with solvents.
• Test finishes on a small spot first.
• Dispose of oily rags properly to prevent fires.