This question is about the reaction scheme shown. Step 1: ![](image-link) Step 2: ![](image-link) Step 3: ![](image-link) Step 4: ![](image-link) Step 5: ![](image-link) 1.1 State the reagents needed for step 1 and the reagents needed for step 2. step 1 step 2 1.2 Give the name of the mechanism for the reaction in step 3. 1.3 Name the reagent for step 4. State a necessary condition for step 4. Reagent Condition 1.4 Amine A is formed in step 2 and amine B is formed in step 5. Explain why the yield of B in step 5 is less than the yield of A in step 2. 1.5 Explain why amine B is a stronger base than amine A.

A-Level AQA Chemistry Alkanes: This question is about the react

This question is about the reaction scheme shown - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 10 - 2022 - Paper 2

Question 10

This question is about the reaction scheme shown. Step 1: ![](image-link) Step 2: ![](image-link) Step 3: ![](image-link) Step 4: ![](image-link) Step 5: ... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:This question is about the reaction scheme shown - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 10 - 2022 - Paper 2

Step 1

step 1

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Answer

The reagents needed for step 1 are concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). These acids are used to nitrate the methyl group on the benzene ring.

Step 2

step 2

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The reagents required for step 2 are tin (Sn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). This reduction process converts the nitro group (-NO2) to an amino group (-NH2) to form Amine A.

Step 3

1.2 Give the name of the mechanism for the reaction in step 3.

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Answer

The mechanism for the reaction in step 3 is nucleophilic addition-elimination.

Step 4

1.3 Name the reagent for step 4.

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The reagent for step 4 is chlorine (Cl2). This adds chlorine to the benzene ring.

Step 5

State a necessary condition for step 4.

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A necessary condition for step 4 is the presence of UV light or high temperature (above 300°C) to facilitate the reaction.

Step 6

1.4 Explain why the yield of B in step 5 is less than the yield of A in step 2.

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In step 5, further substitution can occur, leading to multiple products instead of a single product, therefore decreasing the yield of amine B compared to amine A, which was formed directly.

Step 7

1.5 Explain why amine B is a stronger base than amine A.

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Amine B possesses an acyl group (–C(=O)R) that exerts an electron-withdrawing effect, making the lone pair on nitrogen more available for protonation, thus increasing its basicity compared to amine A.

This question is about the reaction scheme shown - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 10 - 2022 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:This question is about the reaction scheme shown - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 10 - 2022 - Paper 2

step 1

step 2

1.2 Give the name of the mechanism for the reaction in step 3.

1.3 Name the reagent for step 4.

State a necessary condition for step 4.

1.4 Explain why the yield of B in step 5 is less than the yield of A in step 2.

1.5 Explain why amine B is a stronger base than amine A.

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